The Cardiorenal Connection

Origins of Cardiorenal Syndrome and the Cardiorenal Connection

The Cardiorenal Syndrome: Making the Connection

The heart and the kidneys share responsibility for maintaining hemodynamic stability and end-organ perfusion. Connections between these organs ensure that subtle physiologic changes in one system are tempered by compensation in the other through a variety of pathways and mediators. In the setting of underlying heart disease or chronic kidney disease, the capacity of each organ to respond to per...

Increased aortic stiffness: an unfavorable cardiorenal connection.

Despite the many potentially life-threatening complications that can accompany renal disease, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in these patients. Patients with renal dysfunction have more cardiovascular events at an earlier age and they tolerate these events poorly.1,2 Established renal disease is associated with increased aortic stiffness and left ventricular (LV...

The Cardiorenal Syndrome

The term 'cardiorenal syndrome' (CRS) has increasingly been used in recent years without a constant meaning and a well-accepted definition. To include the vast array of interrelated derangements, and to stress the bidirectional nature of the heart-kidney interactions, the classification of the CRS today includes 5 subtypes whose etymology reflects the primary and secondary pathology, the time f...

The cardiorenal problem.

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) describes the reciprocally detrimental interaction between both acute and chronic cardiac and renal dysfunction. The syndrome is prevalent and carries a high mortality. CRS has five clinical subtypes, which share common pathogenetic mechanisms including neurohumoral and haemodynamic derangements. We describe several serum markers that offer improvements over tradition...